LA SITUACIN JURDICA DEL INDIO DURANTE LA CONQUISTA ESPAOLA EN AMRICA. It also did not give encomenderos legal jurisdiction over the natives, although many encomenderos assumed that right. Encomiendas devolved from their original Iberian form into a form of "communal" slavery. The encomienda system amounted to the practice of a spoils system. The encomienda system had been used in feudal Spain during the reconquest and had survived in some form ever since. ", Johnson, Lyman L. "A Lack of Legitimate Obedience and Respect: Slaves and Their Masters in the Courts of Late Colonial Buenos Aires,". All rights reserved. It was the first major organizational law instituted on the continent, which was affected by war, widespread disease epidemics caused by Eurasian diseases, and resulting turmoil. The system of encomiendas was aided by the crown's organizing the indigenous into small harbors known as reducciones, with the intent of establishing new towns and populations. He is a former head writer at VIVA Travel Guides. Love, Edgar F. "Negro Resistance to Spanish Rule in Colonial Mexico," Journal of Negro History 52, no. Under the Crown conception of encomienda, indigenous people were free Crown subjects. Serfdom at the time was abolished everywhere except Russia. "Slaves and the Creation of Legal Rights in Cuba: Coartacin and Papel", Geggus, David Patrick. PDF Focus Lesson - The Encomienda System - Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools The fact that the settlers rebelled, fought and died to fight the New Laws only shows how deeply they had sunk into greed and cruelty. Joint-Stock Company Examples & History | What is a Joint-Stock Company? The encomenderos were then required to pay remaining encomienda laborers for their work. Black Legend History & Culture | What is the Black Legend? The Indigenous people instead brought the tribute to wherever the owner happened to be, generally in the larger cities. New Spain | Spanish Explorers & Spanish Colonies, Growth of Independent Trading Cities in the Renaissance. The system essentially made landed nobility out of men whose only skills were murder, mayhem, and torture: the kings hesitated to set up a New World oligarchy which could later prove troublesome. [6] Various versions of the Laws of the Indies from 1512 onwards attempted to regulate the interactions between the settlers and natives. Under the encomienda system, prominent Spaniards were entrusted with Native Peruvian communities. The goal of encomienda was, at least initially, to generate portable wealth. . Conquistadors were fortune hunters with commissions from the Spanish Crown to explore, conquer and colonize territory on behalf of the Crown. The appointment of Nicolas de Ovando to Hispaniola made it close to inevitable. The encomiendas became very corrupt and harsh. The encomienda (Spanish pronunciation:[ekomjenda] (listen)) was a Spanish slave labour system that rewarded conquerors with the labour of conquered non-Christian peoples. It placed hundreds and sometimes thousands of Indians under the control of individual Spaniards at a time when a bureaucracy had not yet been established. In 1542, the King tried to correct those conditions with the New Laws governing the treatment of indigenous people in Spanish colonies. The encomienda system came close to slavery. Reasonable tribute could be collected, but any additional work was to be paid for. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/topic/encomienda. However, during this time gold was scarce.[9]. The Indigenous people were often forced to walk for days with heavy loads to be delivered to their encomendero. By 1572, the system was in place in the Philippines. The encomienda was a grant of the right to use labor and exact tribute from a given group of natives conveyed to a person in return for service to the Spanish crown.
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when was the encomienda system abolished